TERLETAK di pusat ibu kota Provinsi Aceh, Masjid Raya Baiturrahman berdiri megah sebagai salah satu ikon utama Serambi Mekkah. Masjid ini pertama kali dibangun Sultan Iskandar Muda Mahkota Alam pada tahun 1612 Masehi atau 1022 Hijriah.
Seiring waktu, bangunan ini telah mengalami berbagai tahap pemugaran dan pengembangan, termasuk pemasangan payung-payung raksasa yang menyerupai desain Masjid Nabawi di Madinah. Tidak hanya difungsikan sebagai tempat ibadah umat Islam, masjid ini juga menjadi salah satu objek wisata budaya dan sejarah yang kian digemari para pelancong, baik dari dalam negeri maupun mancanegara.
Setiap akhir pekan atau momen libur besar, halaman masjid dipenuhi pengunjung yang ingin salat, beristirahat di bawah payung, atau sekadar menikmati suasana religius dan damai. Dengan halaman yang luas dan nyaman, pengunjung dapat merasakan ketenangan di masjid yang pernah menjadi saksi bisu peristiwa besar seperti penjajahan, konflik bersenjata, dan bencana tsunami.
Menara masjid di sisi timur menjadi salah satu daya tarik. Karena minimnya gedung tinggi di Banda Aceh, menara tersebut menawarkan sensasi unik bagi wisatawan yang ingin menikmati lanskap kota dari atas.
Masjid ini juga memiliki nilai historis tinggi. Saat invasi pertama Belanda pada 26 Maret 1873, bangunan ini menjadi markas pejuang Aceh yang melawan pasukan kolonial. Tokoh-tokoh legendaris seperti Teuku Umar dan Cut Nyak Dhien mempertahankan masjid ini dari serangan.
Pada saat itu, pasukan Belanda yang dipimpin Jenderal Johan Harmen Rudolf Köhler mendarat di pantai Aceh dengan membawa ribuan pasukan. Dalam pertempuran sengit, pasukan Aceh berhasil menggagalkan serangan tersebut dan menewaskan Köhler setelah tertembak di dada.
Namun, pada agresi berikutnya di bulan April 1873, masjid ini dibakar habis oleh Belanda, memicu amarah rakyat Aceh. Semangat perlawanan kembali berkobar, dipimpin tokoh-tokoh perjuangan.
Empat tahun kemudian, pada tahun 1879, pemerintah kolonial Belanda memutuskan membangun kembali Masjid Baiturrahman sebagai simbol perdamaian. Peletakan batu pertama dilakukan oleh Kadhi Malikul Adil, dan proyek ini selesai pada akhir 1881 dengan biaya sekitar 203.000 gulden.
Setelah itu, masjid mengalami beberapa renovasi penting. Pada 1936, dua kubah tambahan dibangun. Kemudian pada 1957, desain arsitekturnya diperbarui dengan nuansa yang lebih modern.
Transformasi besar-besaran dilakukan lagi pada 2015 ketika Gubernur Zaini Abdullah memulai proyek pembangunan lansekap masjid. Proyek senilai Rp458 miliar ini mencakup pembangunan 12 unit payung elektrik dan basement yang difungsikan sebagai lahan parkir dan fasilitas penunjang, seperti toilet serta tempat wudu berbahan marmer impor dari Italia dan Spanyol.
Di halaman atas, terdapat ruang hijau dengan pohon kurma dan satu pohon geulumpang, ditambah aneka tanaman hias yang mempercantik area masjid. Fasilitas untuk penyandang disabilitas juga disediakan, termasuk lift dari basement ke area halaman.
Dengan tambahan infrastruktur ini, kapasitas masjid meningkat signifikan, dari semula 9.000 menjadi 24.400 jamaah, baik di dalam maupun luar ruangan.
Keindahan dan keagungan Masjid Raya Baiturrahman telah mendapat pengakuan internasional. Pada akhir tahun 2016, masjid ini dinobatkan sebagai World’s Best Halal Cultural Destination oleh World Halal Tourism Award di Abu Dhabi.
Warisan sejarah yang panjang, serta semangat perjuangan masyarakat Aceh dalam menjaga eksistensi masjid ini, menjadikan Masjid Baiturrahman bukan sekadar tempat ibadah, tapi juga simbol keteguhan dan identitas budaya Aceh yang sangat berharga. Masjid ini menjadi magnet bagi siapa saja yang ingin menyelami jejak sejarah dan menikmati kemegahan warisan budaya Islam di ujung barat Indonesia.
Berikut lokasi Masjid Raya Baiturrahman berdasarkan maps. (ASG)
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