Jika ada berkunjung ke Banda Aceh, tak lengkap rasanya kalau anda belum berkunjung ke Masjid Raya Baiturrahman. Masjid yang menjadi situs bersejarah ini sudah melalui berbagai hal, mulai pembakaran oleh Kolonial Belanda dalam agresi kedua pada tahun 1873 hingga hantaman Tsunami pada 2004 silam. Namun sampai saat ini masih berdiri kokoh.
Foto : Miko Arigayo
Hampir setiap wisatawan yang berkunjung ke Banda Aceh, mereka akan mengunjungi Masjid Raya Baiturrahman. Masjid ini menjadi salah satu objek wisata sejarah yang ada di Aceh. Para wisatawan dari mancanegara dan local biasanya menghabiskan waktu dengan cara mempelajari sejarah Masjid Raya Baiturrahman, menikmati keindahan arsitektur Masjid Raya Baiturrahman serta mengabadikan foto saat berada di Masjid Raya Baiturrahman.
Masjid ini merupakan salah satu masjid termegah di Asia Tenggara, yang berada di pusat kota Banda Aceh. Masjid ini merupakan masjid Kesultanan Aceh, yang dibangun pada masa Sultan Iskandar Muda pada tahun 1612.
Ada juga yang mengatakan bahwa Masjid Raya Baiturrahman yang asli dibangun lebih awal pada tahun 1292 oleh Sultan Alaidin Mahmudsyah. Masjid ini aslinya menampilkan atap jerami berlapis-lapis yang merupakan fitur khas arsitektur Aceh.
Masjid yang pernah menjadi benteng pertempuran rakyat Aceh ini pernah dibakar oleh Belanda saat serangan ke Banda Aceh pada 10 April 1873. Tragedi ini memicu perlawanan masyarakat Aceh hingga Belanda harus rela kehilangan seorang panglima, Major General Johan Harmen Rudolf Köhler yang ditembak oleh sniper Aceh pada 14 April 1873.
Untuk meredakan perlawanan rakyat Aceh terhadap pendudukan Belanda, Jendral Van Swieten pun menjanjikan pemimpin lokal bahwa dia akan membangun kembali Masjid Raya dan menciptakan tempat yang hangat untuk permintaan maaf. Proses pembangunan ulang Masjid Raya Baiturrahman berlangsung pada 1879-1881 berdasarkan desain gambar yang dibuat de Bruchi, yang mengadaptasi gaya Moghul (India). Makanya, masjid ini pada waktu ini menyerupai Taj Mahal yang ada di India.
Setelah itu, masjid ini juga mengalami beberapa kali renovasi dan perluasan. Pertama terjadi pada tahun 1936, dilakukan pembangunan dua kubah di sisi kanan dan kiri masjid atas upaya Gubernur Jenderal A. PH. Van Aken.
Pada tahun 1958-1965, bangunan masjid kembali diperluas dengan ditambahkan dua kubah dan dua menara di sisi barat (mihrab). Kelima kubah ini merupakan perlambang lima elemen dalam Pancasila. Setelah itu, pada tahun 1992, dibangun dengan penambahan dua kubah dan lima menara serta perluasan halaman masjid. Kini, Masjid Raya Baiturrahman memiliki 7 kubah dan 8 menara.
Foto: Bustami
Ketika terjadi gempa dan tsunami yang melanda Aceh, masjid megah ini tetap kokoh berdiri. Banyak masyarakat yang memilih untuk berlindung di tempat tersebut ketika tsunami terjadi. hal inilah menjadi menjadi salah alasan turis berkunjung ke tempat ini.
Di sini, Anda dapat melakukan berbagai hal. Selain beribadah, Anda juga dapat menikmati keindahan arsitektur serta melihat payung elektrik yang ada masjid Baiturrahman ini. Setelah beribadah, Anda juga dapat bersantai dan menikmati pemandangan taman serta kolam di halaman masjid. Lantai masjid ini dipercantik dengan batu marmer Spanyol dan Italia tersebut dapat membuat Anda nyaman menikmati setiap sudut masjid.
Foto: Bustami
Bagi anda yang masuk ke area masjid, ada beberapa aturan yang harus anda perhatikan, antara laih; bagi yang muslim harus berpakain yang sopan, dilarang memakai celana pendek, dilarang merokok, dan dilarang duduk berdua-duaan yang bukan muhrim. Bagi perempuan tidak dilarang memakai pakain ketak.
Bagi nonmuslim, anda harus memakai jubah yang disediakan di Counter Jubah dan mengikuti arahan dari petugas yang ditetapkan.
Foto: Bustami
Masjid Raya Baiturrahman terletak di Jalan Teuku Umar, Kampung Baru, Kecamatan Baiturrahman, Kota Banda Aceh. Ada beberapa objek wisata yang dekat dengan Masjid Raya Baiturrahman, antara lain Museum Tsunami, Lapangan Blang Padang, Taman Putroe Phang, Taman Sari Gunungan, dan Pembangkit Listrik Tenaga Diesel (PLTD) Apung, sebagai salah satu Wisata Tsunami Aceh.
Fasilitas
Masjid Raya Baiturrahman disediakan beberapa fasilitas, antaralain; halaman parkir, taman, tempat penitipan sepatu/sandal, perpustakaan, kantor sekretariat, kamar mandi/wc, tempat wudhu dan sarana ibadah.
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